Separation Of Church And State Essay - 1513 Words

Separation of church and state is a defined as, the understanding of the intent, and function of the Establishment Clause, and Free Exercise Clause. The Combination of church and state has been a topic that, many generations have struggled with for centuries. The first amendment of the constitution states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law about our religious beliefs, or prohibiting our free exercise of religion† If we put our faith in the constitution to define the founding father’s standpoint of separation of church and state, then we have definitely misinterpreted their stance on religion. Many people believe the reference to separation of church and state is in the original constitution, but the truth is, the references, often conceptualized and misinterpreted as intertwining with our religious freedom, but that is not the truth. Separation of Church and State says, the church must refrain from government, and the government will abstain from religious dictation. The reason for the establishment and free exercise clause in the U.S constitution is to restrain the power of the federal government from the tyrannical reign on religious freedoms. England established the Pope as head of church and state. A man named Thomas Jefferson, who wrote a book about a group of Baptists in Dan bury, first coined the term separation of church and state. It declares that people do a task for the government, and cannot enforce a religious judgment on others. Thomas Jefferson once stated â€Å"IShow MoreRelatedSeparation Of Church And State1446 Words   |  6 Pagesthe separation of church and state still necessary in the overall legal and social aspects of a modern society such as the United States? Research and history show that maintaining the church separate from the government is important for the ongoing success of a fre e and well functioning society. Separation of church and state is a political and legal doctrine which states that government and religious institutions are to be kept separate and independent from one another. Ideally, the church shouldRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State902 Words   |  4 PagesA Closer look at the Separation of Church and State in the United States Although â€Å"God† is mentioned in the Constitution, this country was built upon the principle of separation of church and state. Despite this ideal, those elected into office: propose, pass, and deny laws based on their religious beliefs, completely disregarding the previously mentioned principle. The problem with that is that the country is so ethnically and culturally diverse that one religion representing an entire nation ofRead MoreThe separation of church and state1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe separation of church and state has been a long debated topic in the history of America. Although founded upon Christian ideals, the framers of the Constitution explicitly outlined the government to function secularly, in what is commonly referred to as the â€Å"Establishment Clause†. When interpreting the Constitution in regards to religion, there are two primary philosophies. The first philosophy this paper will explore will be referred to as Positive Toleration. In gen eral, the idea of positiveRead MoreSeparation of Church and State701 Words   |  3 PagesSeparation of Church and State To understand Locke’s argument for the separation of church and state you first need to understand what the purpose of the government is. Locke stated that the government is supposed to support civil interest. These civil interests include property, life, and security. Therefore the government’s job is to protect the civil interests of the people using force lawfully. Once Locke institutes the power of the government he develops three important assumptions vitalRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe separation of church and state has been encountered and challenged several times in the Supreme Court, which was first mentioned by Thomas Jefferson. However it is not solidly stated in the Constitution on what is right or wrong and good or bad. This theory was modified from various elements from the Constitution essentially the first and fourteenth amendments. In the first amendment it is written Congress shall make no law respecting an esta blishment of religion or prohibiting the free exerciseRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State1632 Words   |  7 Pages We are currently living in a time where freedom of religion is guaranteed in the United States. It has been since the first amendment of the Declaration of Independence was adopted in 1791. The first amendment prohibits the making of any law respecting the establishment of religion or impeding the free exercise of religion ( (Rotunda, 2004). This amendment established the separation of church and government that our country was founded on and still practices today. We as Americans are freeRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State1825 Words   |  8 PagesSeparation of church and state refers to the division of the relationship between religion and government. Various laws apply to different countries around the world about the separation of church and state. Some involve religion so much into their daily lives; it controls how their country is run. In other places, where it is not mandated as much, it becomes a problem in disputing what is and what is not right. The United States of America faces this issue as they struggle deciding what the meaningRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State1594 Words   |  7 Pagesdirection and control exercised over the actions of the members, citizens, and inhabitants of communities, societies, and states. While documents have been written to help the leaders of our country, there is constant debate over what changes need to be made. Some believe that the country is falling apart while others think minor adjustments need to be made. The separation of church and state is also a topic of debate. The question of what needs to be changed and where religion falls in all of this are alwaysRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe separation between church and state is a debate that continues to grow with tension as the culture of America rapidly polarizes. A long-standing claim that America was founded on Christian doctrine is a common argument in favor of the church and state to remain tog ether, yet the most commonly used metaphor explaining what the â€Å"Separation of Church and State† contextually means in today’s terms is simply that government and religion should not coincide with one another in any capacity. EvidenceRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State2095 Words   |  9 Pagesnation. It was clear that individuals should be allowed to make up their own minds about how they choose to worship, if they worship at all. For years the constitutionality of the separation of church and state has been debated, many people have analyzed and reanalyzed Thomas Jefferson’s famous saying â€Å"A Wall of Separation† in his letter to the Danbury Baptist. Many religious people believe that the government is slowly taking our right to freedom of religion, the reason our country was founded, away

Analysis Of Bharati Mukherjee s Two Ways Essay - 1153 Words

When you’re walking down the street and see a group of tattooed men of color and your first instinct is to cross the street is this due to internalized racism or does past experiences validate your prejudice? Or when you sit with a group of people all speaking a common language other than your own, is your discomfort and insecurity rationalized? The film Crash explores the lives of different socio-economic groups and their experiences dealing with prejudice and stereotypes or being on the other end of it. The concept of various â€Å"American Identities† are explored within the film. We see the white woman who fears people of color. The African American male who’s so anti-white he becomes the stereotypes he’s supposedly against. The Latino male who based on appearance is profiled and many more characters. All these individuals created these identities for themselves to exist in America. In Bharati Mukherjee’s â€Å"Two Ways to Belong in Americaâ₠¬  we see this theme being shared when Mukherjee and her sister Mira arrive in America and must find their own way to exist in this new country. Racism isn’t something an individual is born with. It is a trait created from past experiences and ignorance. In the film Crash Sandra Bullocks character states, â€Å"... and it was my fault because I knew it was gonna happen. But if a white person sees two black men walking towards her and she turns and walks in the other direction, she s a racist, right?† But is her internalized racism towards theseShow MoreRelatedThe Indian Diaspora By Vijay Mishra1120 Words   |  5 Pagesdiaspora is unhappy in its own† (1), Vijay Mishra in his scholarly work The Literature of the Indian Diaspora, the first line of the â€Å"Introduction† chapter (echoes Anna Karenina â€Å"Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.†) poignantly marks the predicament of diasporic subject, occupying â€Å"a border zone† (1) along with their problematic association in dealing with historic specificity of time and place. He begins theorizing diaspora (in the broadest sense and specificallyRead More The Minority Predicament: An Analysis of Asian American Success and the Model Minority Paradigm2052 Words   |  9 PagesThe Minority Predicament: An Analysis of Asian American Success and the Model Minority Paradigm My grandmother sent me a letter from home, telling the success story of her old Chinese tenants who, through hard work, had become very wealthy in the 9 short years they lived in America. My grandmother embraces the belief that with hard work, patience and a little help from the model minority stereotype, someday Asians will gain full approval of white America. She believes that Asian Americans areRead MoreArguments for and Against Business Ethics,11007 Words   |  45 PagesSCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS FOR BBA (INDUSTRY INTEGRATED) PROGRAMME w.e.f. SESSION 2009-2010 (Under Public Private Parternership Scheme) FIRST YEAR 1st Semester Title of the Paper(s) Business Organization Business Communication Skills - Workshop Business Mathematics Computer Fundamentals and Applications Economic Policy and Analysis Financial Accounting Environment Management External Marks (Theory) 70 50 70 50 70 70 70 Internal Assessment Marks 30 50 30 30 30 30 Practical Marks 50 Total Marks 100 100 100Read MoreEffects and Implications of Coalition Governments on the Political Scnerio in India16277 Words   |  66 Pagesof coalition parties. These characteristics stem from different institutional and political situations that coalitions face, but are also connected to long-standing psychological explanations of group decision making. Our study is a quantitative analysis using published data on the characteristics of coalitions. Politics of India The place in a framework of a federal parliamentary multi-party representative democratic republic modeled after the British Westminster System. The Prime Minister of India

Persian Wars Cause of the 499-404 B.C.E Free Essays

The Persian wars are often compared to the Trojan wars due to the effects they had on Greek history. Athenians who were cultural and politically superior to the Greek considered the wars against Persia as some of the defining and greatest moments in their history (McKay, Hill, Buckler, Buckley, Wiesner-Hanks, 2008a). Despite the defining effects that the Persian wars had on the history of the Athenian and the Greek, their beginning was nothing big. We will write a custom essay sample on Persian Wars: Cause of the 499-404 B.C.E or any similar topic only for you Order Now In mid sixth century BCE, Croesus who was the king of the Lydians took control of all Greek cities along the Asian Minor coast (McKay, Bennett, Beck, Crowston, Wiesner-Hanks, 2008a). When the Persians conquered the Lydians around 545 BCE all states that were under the Lydians came under the rule of the Persians (McKay, Bennett, Beck, Crowston, Wiesner-Hanks, 2008b). The Persian approach to leadership was defined by close control and they appointed officials who ruled states under a system that can only be defined as tyrannical. Citizens under the system implemented by the Persians were required to pay extremely high taxes and serve in the Persian army (McKay, Bennett, Buckler, 2003a). Many revolution in history have generally been caused by oppressions and system that are degenerate in terms of social development. The Persian approach to government bore all the classical signs of tyranny and close governance. Under such system the mechanism that will worst affect the weak are made as effective as possible and in the Persian case this was not different. Their most effective system was the tax collection system which collected taxes in a manner that had no bearing on the earning made by individuals and the failure to submit returns could even result in hanging (McKay, Bennett, Buckler, 2003b). The rulers were imposed on the Greeks, Lydians and Athenian and the kind of rule that such leaders used was oppressive. The rulers kept close contact with the events that happened on the ground which is a characteristic of an approach to leadership that is either oppressive or concerned with the welfare of its members; in this case the former was more relevant. The pressure placed by the Persian government led to underground revolution which were propagated by the opportunism of Aristagoras. Aristagoras sought help from the Spartans and Athenians (McKay, Hill, Buckler, Buckley, Wiesner-Hanks, 2008a). The later helped him in though by 495 BCE all rebellious Greek cities has been restored under the Persian government. This did not spell the end of war due to the attention than the Athenians had gotten from Persia for the role they played in the destruction of Ardis. The revenge mission and the expertise that the Athenians had in Hippias who had been a member of the Persian army led to what is referred to as the battle marathon (McKay, Hill, Buckler, Buckley, Wiesner-Hanks, 2008b). By the end of the marathon Greece began an ambitious navy building project due to the influence of Themistocles which propagated the war into a war for supremacy. In summary, the war started by the need for freedom and independence catalyzed by a leaders who was out to fulfill his personal agenda. By gaining support from other states the Persians were defeated due to their lack of commitment to the war. The marathon which served to propagate the Persian war was mainly out of the need for revenge by the Persians and its ‘marathon’ stature is resultant of the resistance the Persians got from the well prepared Athenians and Persians. Towards the end of the war the objective was more about gain of supremacy. In the end, the Athenians got all the glory though the role played by the Spartans in the Persian wars can never be underestimated. How to cite Persian Wars: Cause of the 499-404 B.C.E, Papers

Oil and Gas Management International Energy Policies

Question: Write an essay on International Energy Policies? Answer: The prices of the crude oil witnessed a substantial hike during the year 2013-14 which was regarded as stable. The standards for crude oil which had been internationally traded is Brent and lies between the range $100-155 per barrel. The oil price trend reveals that the stable is short sighted and that it does not linger long to be stable but we can rely on Brent prices of oil to be normal. But recently a decline in the oil prices by 40% was seen in June 2014. (GLOBAL TRENDS IN OIL GAS MARKETS TO 2025, 2015) The decline in the oil prices has benefited many nations like India but has affected some of the members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) as it has decided not to curtail its production in order to raise their prices. (The Economist, 2013) This situation aggravated the reduction in oil prices. The saturation of the global oil markets is a result of the increased supply of oil in the markets which has eventually reduced the prices of oil. The ideal step that should have been taken by the member countries in this regard was to decrease the oil supplies so that a situation of excess supply will drive up the prices of oil. Once the pace of the oil price is settled the member countries can again converge to the high production scenario and increase its production. It is the duty of the OPEC to observe and monitor the actions of the Member countries and prevent their dishonest and rogue behavior. (Greiner, 2014) Saudi Arabia is one of the member countries that have decided not to suppress its production of oil. This country is believed to face a crux situation and a victim of nervous politics. The decision of Saudi Arabia to maintain the same level or increase the oil production was out of fear and anxiousness to lose the share and global position in the oil markets. The fall in the Brent crude oil prices for the year 2014 is shown below. (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015) We can say that the relation that oil, energy and the direction of the international politics is entangled. The main focus of the US is on the two nations: Iran and Russia. (Nardelli et al., 2014)The motive of the US is to dampen the image of both the nations through the fluctuations in the oil prices. Russia is a weak nation and the decline in the oil prices affect this nation adversely as the foreign capital flow into the country will decrease. It would require for Russia to reform its foreign policies and improve its status. Iran has incriminated Saudi Arabia for the decline in the oil prices because of the fact that it refused to curtail its oil production which is shown by the chart given below where the oil production is high during June to August 2014. (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015) The low oil prices meant that revenues earned from the sale of oil will be low. Iran thus earned low oil revenue. It can be deciphered that it is the work of the US through coercion on Saudi Arabia t o weaken the economic condition of Iran and leave the country with no option but to sign the deal on nuclear power with the US. (Oil Price Review, 2013) This would result in the loss of nuclear capability of Iran. The decline in the oil prices has also benefited certain nations previously but with China the case goes in different direction. China is the emerging industrialized country and it had huge plans to introduce shale gas. This is because China want its nation to be self reliant and self sufficient in energy. But if China was successful in implementing such a plan then it would definitely hamper the position of the US. So the US with its power was able to influence the international companies that would help China to set up the shale gas. These international companies which eventually assisted the US to build its own shale gas were incurring loss due to decreased production and high cost. Left with no other option these companies had to withdrew and discontinue their investments on projects like the one in China. Thus China can be regarded as the next victim. The other nations were facing a destructive and damaging phases due to the unusual decision of the OPEC. The damaging impact of O PEC on its other member countries like Libya and Venezuela deteriorated the economic position of the countries. The downswing of the oil price will have a long lasting effect on the Non OPEC Countries. (Reuters, 2015) The Non OPEC countries were anticipated to increase their production but at a slower rate. This would prevent the North American energy companies to earn lower profits. The strategies and policies that can be implemented by the Non OPEC Countries are explained with respect to the US economy. (Peakoil.com, 2015) With virtue of the decline in the oil price the US can reform energy policies and can even restrict the subsidies it spends on fossil fuel, can allure investors who would augment the oil price increase relative to OPEC and increase their revenues. From the chart below we can see that the production of crude oil in the USA followed an upward trend in the year 2014-15. (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015) The agreements that are used in the oil and natural gas industries can be segregated into two types which are concessions and contractual agreements. Concession agreements involve equity interest and royalties that are calculated from the production value and income taxes on the total income. Contractual agreements consist of production share, contracts regarding service and risk connected to the contracts. The factors that influence the agreement depend on the type of agreement implemented by the resource holder. While formulating the concession agreement exclusive rights of Exploration and Production of the oil companies must be granted by the states concerned, finance and taxation responsibilities must be on the oil companies, the domestic supply of oil and gas and the sources of cash flow, and costs and benefits must be included. (Alramahi, 2015) Many countries put the energy policies on the spotlight. The Czech Republic has implemented the State Energy Strategy in order to decrease its lignite production. Germany in this regard has also introduced annual progress report for creating awareness on the countrys energy policy. Canada also introduced The Responsible Resource Development Plan with a view to achieve the goals and change its regulatory system. The procedure of building infrastructure of the energy sector has been eased out by the Netherland to retain the national interest. Sweden has also taken a step forward than all other nation by planning to launch a fossil fuel free automobile by the year 2030. It also taxes the individuals, companies and factories on carbon dioxide emission which made the nation a carbon free one.teh USA had implemented a Climate Action Plan for prevention of greenhouse gas emission. The plan aimed at reducing carbon pollution, preparing for climate change and combating any global climate chan ges. (Energy Policy Highlights, 2015) The challenges that the international energy policies face make its implementation robust and needs a solution. While initiating projects and policies the energy sector must consider the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) (Barker and Jones, 2013)and spatial planning else there can arise complications. The policy making must be assisted by a committee of expertise so that the energy policies are implemented without distortions. Without such expertise the policies may be criticized on several grounds. (Oilandgasuk.co.uk, 2015)One of the challenges that the energy sector faces is the interference at the national level regarding the implementation of the policies. This may not be preferred or welcomed by most of the local and regional governments as a result country clash can occur. Another restriction that is imposed on the formulation of the energy policies is the lack of appropriate and complete data on prices and consumption of international energy by the household, transportation sector and other trading sectors. In this regard the energy companies must hire an energy expert who can monitor and formulate suitable policies and also appoint a skilled executive who would and maintain a smooth connection between EIA and the spatial planning and help to assemble correct data. (generator, 2015) The important aspect that provides direction to the global economy is the world demand and supply of products. The rise in the population attributed the rise in the world demand. The challenge here is that with the increased population and increased demand, there will be rise in the demand for oil which the oil companies have to satisfy with increased production. It is important for OPEC to check out the emerging powerhouses like the ones in China and India which is depicted in the charts below. These powerhouses can pose a threat to the other oil companies which would impact the demand and supply of the oil as they are supposed to race with the developed nations through the per capita energy use. The complexity of the challenges also arises from the environmental and geopolitical discord. (Forbes, 2015) Both the charts show that during june-july 2014, the oil production was high for both countries though the production for India(Tradingeconomics.com, 2015) is low relative to China. (Tradingeconomics.com, 2015) The access to resources of oil is limited for the oil companies as the major portion which is about 80 percent of the resources are in the hands of the National Oil Companies (NOCs) and host governments. This can be counted as a challenge to the oil companies. The oil industries must have services being rendered in the field of engineering, drilling, procurement and constructions purposes which involves high cost. For the heavy scale industries, technology is an important factor. Purchasing machines means making business investment but what is more important and cost impending is the recruitment of skilled and experienced technical porfessionals that have the capacity to operate such complex machines and technology. All these would mean that the industry will incur more cost. Now an increased cost must be curtailed in two ways either by increasing the sales or raising the prices. Considering the oil prices and its instability, oil companies can never rely on the price to cover up the cost. What they can to si to incrfease the oil production to mitigate the increase in the cost. There is an immediate need to mordernize the oil sector by introducing and installing new technology or in other words technological advancement is required in the oil sector. Now we have already discussed about the higher cost associated with the technological upgradation. The rise in the population at a geometric rate causes a rise in demand. This increased demand would impose the companies to produce more and in doing so the companies must update their machines and technology to increase production. The other side of the technological advancement is that when experienced employees are hired to operate the machines, there is also a cut in the unskilled and inefficient labour. This causes an unemployment in the economy. One of the ways to combat the challenges of the oil and gas industries is by executing cost effective way to production process. The oil and gas industry must also increase their Barrels of oil equivalencies (BOEs) and enforce change process management. The error that the oil and gas sector is commiting repeatedly is the objective of their business. The oil and gas industries mainly focuses on reducing cost and using cost effective ways to produce oil. But in this regard the sector is unable to identify that such cost effective solutions can be applied to sectors whose market conditions are narrow. The strategy that the oil companies can be recommended is that they must be concerned about the supply of assets and examine their acess to other markets. It is also recommended that these companies must ensure that their presence in markets where there acess is low is not short sighted and they must take steps as to prevent price bidding war. Thus, our essay deals with the decline in the oil prices aggravated by the refusal to cut down production by the OPEC. This does not imply that the oil markets have a dark and devastating future. It is te utmost duties of the oil producers to implement policies that would help to improve the global oil price condition. (Bowler, 2015) References Alramahi,, M. (2015).International OIl and GAs Contracts and Deal making. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://unctad.org/en/docs/diaeiia20097a1_en.pdf [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Barker, A. and Jones, C. (2013). A critique of the performance of EIA within the offshore oil and gas sector.Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 43, pp.31-39. Bowler, T. (2015).Falling oil prices: Winners and losers. [online] BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-29643612 [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Forbes, (2015).How Will The 2014 Drop In Oil Prices Affect The World Economy And Geopolitics?. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2015/01/06/how-will-the-2014-drop-in-oil-prices-affect-the-world-economy-and-geopolitics/ [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. generator, m. (2015).IEA - International Energy Agency - affordable clean energy for all | iea.org. [online] Iea.org. Available at: https://www.iea.org/. [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Greiner, B. (2014).Oil Prices - Decline Turned Into Collapse?. [online] Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/billgreiner/2014/12/04/oil-prices-decline-turned-into-collapse/ [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Nardelli, A., Elliott, L., Luhn, A., Dehghan, S. and Black, I. (2014).Recession in Russia, revolt in Venezuela? The knock-on effects of tumbling oil prices. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2014/oct/16/datablog-low-oil-prices-chill-producer-economies [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Oil Price Review. (2013).Oil and Energy Trends, 38(7), pp.10-12. Reuters, (2015).Libya declares oil crisis over after state reclaims ports. [online] Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/02/us-libya-oil-idUSKBN0F72LZ20140702 [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. The Economist, (2013).The day of the huge integrated international oil company is drawing to a close. [online] Available at: https://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21582522-day-huge-integrated-international-oil-company-drawing [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Tradingeconomics.com, (2015).Brent crude oil | 1970-2015 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast | News. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/commodity/brent-crude-oil [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Tradingeconomics.com, (2015).China Crude Oil Production | 1973-2015 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/china/crude-oil-production [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Tradingeconomics.com, (2015).India Crude Oil Production | 1994-2015 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/crude-oil-production [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Tradingeconomics.com, (2015).Saudi Arabia Crude Oil Production | 1973-2015 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/saudi-arabia/crude-oil-production [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Tradingeconomics.com, (2015).United States Crude Oil Production | 1950-2015 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/crude-oil-production [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Energy Policy Highlights. (2015). 1st ed. p.https://www.iea.org/. Global Trends In Oil Gas Markets TO 2025. (2015). 1st ed. Oilandgasuk.co.uk, (2015).Economics, Energy Policy and Gas - Oil Gas UK. [online] Available at: https://www.oilandgasuk.co.uk/economics.cfm [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Peakoil.com, (2015).IEA Sees Oil-Price Recovery; Cuts 2015 Non-OPEC Output Estimate |Peak Oil News and Message Boards. [online] Available at: https://peakoil.com/consumption/iea-sees-oil-price-recovery-cuts-2015-non-opec-output-estimate [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015].

Packet Generator Essays (904 words) - Network Performance

Packet Generator When it comes to real-world network throughput, there are as many opinions about network performance as there are network installations. Every network site is unique, and the performance of the network is a function of the number of stations contending for access to the Ethernet, the type of hardware in use (station interfaces, switches), the layout of the cables (are they the right type, right length, and do they meet the configuration guidelines?), the quality of the cable installation and the mix of applications. However, with the ever-increasing number of networks, the traffic over the Internet is going to be saturated and performance will be down. In light of this problem, the testing, simulating and troubleshooting of a network device become very important. Therefore, in order to develop a more efficient and effective method, the project's goals is ? To provide the users more functions and flexibility in terms of the packet arrival pattern and the packet size generation. ? To assess network or the network component's ability to support the given traffic load in terms of packet loss, delay, delay jitters etc. ? To source and sink real-time multicast/unicast UDP/IP traffic flows with optional support for operation with ISI's "rsvpd". ? To transmit, receive and log time-stamped, sequence numbered packets. ? To provide a traffic controller using the Leaky Bucket method. INTRODUCTION Informations Technology personnel often look to network benchmark tests to measure monitor and predict the performance of the LANs. This is especially valuable in the case of high-performance backbones that continually support a large number of users and consistently high traffic volumes. However, the current technology of packet generator is very limited in functionality and usage. The project will aim to increase the flexibility of the packet generator in the following areas: ? Increase the range of options and flexibility with regards to the packet transmission pattern. ? Instead of just specifying the packet size, the user would be able to specify the distribution function he/she wants to be implemented. ? Add a traffic controller module to control the number of generated packets that is being sent to the network. ? Implementing the leaky bucket method and combining it with the dropping method for the traffic controller. HIGHER-LEVEL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM CONCEPT OF LEAKY BUCKET DROPPING METHOD LEAKY BUCKET ALGORITHM Background Our project was actually spawned from the idea of MGEN. It was actually designed and developed by The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Multi-Generator or MGEN is currently running on most operating systems, namely SunOS 4.1.x, Solaris 2.x, Intel-based Linux, NetBSD, etc. Furthermore, MGEN is a specific set of software that provides the ability to generate and receive packets through the network base on an input script file. However, the MGEN script is very limited in terms of its flexibility and functionality. For example, packet arrival generation can only be set to either a Periodic or a Poisson Distribution. Therefore, in order to exploit the MGEN's full capability, a Data Flow On command can be further developed. These two distributions do not represent the real time traffic flow in the network. Therefore, our project will involved developing this MGEN code and coding it in C language so that its packet generator pattern will have few more distributions that better represent a network flow. Among the distribution functions we will include are Exponential, Uniform Distribution, Gamma Distribution etc. In addition, the packet size is to be changed from a fixed value to a varying amount of packet sizes. Also, we have to include the Traffic controller so that we will be able to control the new traffic flow generated by different distributions. As a result, the implementation of leaky bucket will be necessary in order to achieve this goal. Strategic Plan Proposed Approach Our first objective is to work on the packet generator module, study and develop the MGEN code, which was coded in C program. We will choose to run and develop our project on SunOS machines. Using the inputs specified by the users, MGEN will generates packets pattern to the network. The second step is to introduce different distribution functions and add them to the source code in the form of modules. So far, the Exponential and Uniform distribution are the two distributions to be added. Depending upon the progress of the project, we might implement more distributions like gamma and normal. At the same time, the code will be written such that users can control and change packet sizes accordingly. The flexibility on packet size is essential because packet size is not constant in the real

Trailblazing by Eric Anderson

Trailblazing by Eric Anderson Free Online Research Papers After reading Trailblazing by Eric Anderson I was blown away by the story told in the book. It is a story of self-realization, persecution, and perseverance. At first it was hard to believe that this was the same person I see in lecture twice a week. It shows the fears and terrors that closeted homosexuals go through to keep their secret, then the oppression they face after coming out. It has truly opened my eyes to the hardships gay people face when wanting to do no more than be themselves but cant for fear of being abandoned by loved ones and ridiculed by others. Not only must the author deal with discrimination, but his team of high school track runners face being taunted, threatened, and even physically assaulted by their peers. They have to put up with just as much harassment as Anderson himself. Even though none of the athletes claim to be gay they are endlessly hazed for being a fag team. Through all the conflicts the team remains loyal and stands by their coach. They not only compete as a team but also deal with oppression as a team. Trailblazing is a very moving piece about heroism and is inspiring for people of all sexual preferences. In the beginning of the story Anderson describes going through most of his childhood knowing he is gay, though at the time did not know exactly what that meant. Many points brought up in class are evident in the story. How he was forced to act like all the other boys because of how society felt about gays. Forcing himself to act straight and pretending to be attracted to women he becomes sucked into this highly hegemonic society. Guys have to be big, bad, and tough, and if they arent they are labeled faggots or fairy boys. You can feel the awkwardness of Anderson as he talks about how he acted compared to what he actually felt. In the beginning of his career as a track coach Anderson continues to keep his secret from everyone. Constantly making excuses for not dating girls, that where socially acceptable. Filling his time with work and studies at first as a smokescreen for his sexuality. He then aspires to become more educated and to become a health teacher. A gay person in sports is still a big issue in this country, especially when the person is a coach of younger kids. People still view homosexuals as stereotypical promiscuous pedophilia. People think that just because a coach is gay that he is going to start hitting on all his players. There is also the ridiculous belief that since a teacher or coach is gay, they will somehow make their pupils gay or infect them if you will. To the readers surprise when Anderson comes out to his friends he is faced with little to no judgment. But once word of his sexuality spreads beyond his control not everyone is as accepting as his friends, and family. Then the issue of gays being discriminated in the workplace comes up repeatedly as he and his runners are harassed on many different occasions. Every time there is an incident Anderson would file a report to the school and every time it would be ignored. This is a prime example of discrimination of gays in the workplace. The team members wo uld be taunted several times a day, called faggots. Their cars, including Andersons, would get keyed often, and the principal would do nothing about it. After learning that their coach is a homosexual several members of the team became activists for gay rights. One of them went as far as starting a Gay-Straight Alliance at Huntington Beach High School were they attended, even though the kid was not gay. This by no mean improved their situation at school. For some reason it is thought that is you believe in treating homosexuals as equals you must be homosexual yourself. This ignorant logic has been around for a long time. It is not as bad as it was at one time but is still a major problem in the fight for equal rights for gays. After long standing tension with the schools football team it became clear to Anderson that it wouldnt be long before physical violence would arise. This nightmare became a reality the day before graduation, the year before Anderson planned to leave Huntington Beach High School for a college level job. As a result of a short confrontation in the locker room in school there was heavy friction between one of Andersons senior runners, named Jerryme and a sophomore football player, named Josh. Of coarse this was started because of the homophobia of the football team and coach. Apparently the football coach didnt want anyone else to use the locker room so it wouldnt get messed up. And when the track team went to get changed the football team went on full defensive and would not let the fag team in. This was also ignored by the schools administrators. Months later as Jerryme and fellow runner, Jess where chased by the football players into a residential neighborhood. Upon exiting the car Josh told the other players to restrain Jess as he ran for Jerryme. Jerryme ended up with a swollen face and a fractured jaw. This is clear evidence of homophobia to such an extreme that this kid felt he must pound Jerryme, who was gay as far as Josh was concerned, until he was dead. For what? To show how big of a man he is. So Josh got to prove how straight he is for a while, while Jerryme gets to have five screws attached to his lower jaw for the rest of his life. Reading this book gave me a new perspective on life. Its inspired me to be a more tolerant person. It addresses many problems in the society caused by hegemony. It brings to light the dangerous effects of homophobia in school sports. Tackling a difficult subject, Anderson really makes a point that homophobia in sports is a serious issue and should not be taken lightly. Research Papers on Trailblazing by Eric AndersonStandardized TestingEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsMind Travel19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraResearch Process Part OneThe Hockey GameHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHip-Hop is Art

PROJECT PLAN AND REPORT Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

PROJECT PLAN AND REPORT - Coursework Example It was also recommended that while planning the project, optimum utilization of resources should be done, the timeline is strictly followed and part-timers are recruited, so that the recruitment cost is reduced. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 INTRODUCTION 5 Background 5 Scope of the Project 7 Method of Collecting Information 7 Limitations 7 DEVELOPING AN ONLINE CHRISTMAS GIFT STORE 7 Project Objectives 7 Products 8 Resources Required 8 Strategy and Implementation 9 Stakeholder Analysis 10 Risk Analysis 11 Milestones 13 Conclusion 14 Recommendation 14 References 15 Appendices 16 Appendix 1 16 INTRODUCTION Background Project planning is the science and art of utilizing the historical data, personal expertise, organizational knowledge and the project scope to depict the resource expenditure, cost, and the duration of a project. It also includes the development of guidelines in order to ensure the service quality, response to unfavourable events and commencing with the inevitable changes in the plan prepared for the project. In order to arrive at the estimated duration and cost of the project, the project manager identifies the numerous physical elements and activities that are necessary to meet the objectives of the project (Rad, and Anantatmula, 2005, p. 1). On the basis of this information the project manager estimates the requirements of the resources and the time length of the project. However, the estimation of the resources is done along with their cost estimation, as it is a valuable piece of information for the project team. The estimates of the resource are reduced to the cost. This is because total cost is more important information for the client. The project manager then finally computes the costs and completes the total estimation of the report (Haugan, 2002, p. 4-5). There are many different steps or stages through which a project passes to its completion or closure. Those set of stage would be described in this study through the development o f an online Christmas gift store. Since Christmas gifts are sold before and during Christmas, so this online store opening, launching and operations can be considered a project, which would be described in detail based on the phases that would be described here. The different phases or stages in a project plan are: Defining: Before initiating the project the project manager should determine the goals of the project, ascertain the scopes, risks, budget, cost, timescale, and approach. It should also be communicated to the stakeholders of the company, and the difference in opinions should be resolved in the initial stage. Planning: Planning is very important part of any project plan. While creating the project plan, the first task that is undertaken by the project manager and his team is planning the stages and the minute details in the project. Executing: In this stage the project manager and his/her team would be executing or implementing the pre decided activities for the completion of the project on time and according to the design. Monitoring: After implementing the step wise project operations, the manager has to monitor whether the implementation has been done according to the framework designed or not. Controlling: Controlling ensures that the plans have been followed according to the stages decided and set by the project team. Closure: Once all the tasks are complete in the

Registered Nurse (RN) versus Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) Assignment

Registered Nurse (RN) versus Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) - Assignment Example It is vital to note that there are certain duties that LPNs are not allowed to carry out since they are not qualified. Skills only handled by RNs in hospitals include hanging the first unit of blood during transfusion, carrying out the initial assessment of a patient and IV pushes. However, the working hours of RNs and LPNs are similar despite the fact that RNs normally carry out more of supervisory roles in hospitals and have a greater scope of practice (Ellis & Hartley, 2004). The amount of pay the two sets of nurses receive is also different due to the skills they hold and roles they carry out. A RN earns about $10 an hour more than a LPN. However, it is important to note that there are some LPNs who earn more than RNs depending on the duties they carry out and location of the hospital. The reason as to why RNs get more pay than LPN is because of their supervisory role. If any procedure carried out by the LPN goes wrong, it is their supervising RN who will be blamed. This is becau se they are meant to ensure that the LPNs carry out their duties effectively. It is hence essential to note that the most important difference between a registered nurse and a licensed practical nurse is the different duties they carry out in a hospital. An RN is expected to carry out the initial assessment of a patient and then write down a care plan on when the patient was admitted. An LPN is not allowed to carry out such duties, however, they may carry out a focused assessment and chart their findings during the shift and can later carry out all the patient care and charting after the RN is through with the initial assessment (Ellis & Hartley, 2004). Another duty that is only carried out by the RN is the educating of patients. This is because under the license LPNs are prohibited from interpreting data, or making decisions for their patients. However, LPNs are allowed to collect data such as vital signs that include blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose levels, and pain. Upon collection of the data, they are meant to inform the physician or the supervis ing RN for the interpretation of the data. This is due to the fact that LPNs are not certified to carry out this duty. Due to the limitations set by their licenses, it may seem as though LPNs carry out less work in the hospital than RNs. However, the LPN only carries out duties that she is legally allowed to do. This is despite the fact that an LPN may learn quickly on the job, and hence become familiar with certain medical ailments, and extremely well informed about the welfare of their patients from years of practical experience. In real practice, LPN may disregard these lines since they are blurred and not well defined. However, legally these limitations are extremely real limitations and not following them may lead to serious repercussions. It is vital to not the fact that several LPNs later on become RNs. They do so by enrolling for accelerated degree program, and this allows them to bypass the initial steps of the degree because they already have the fundamental education and hands-on experience working as LPNs. Some of the fields that RNs have been taught in school and are not familiar to LPNs include maternity and medical surgery (Ellis & Hartley,

Causes of American Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Causes of American Civil War - Essay Example Slavery was not a major issue until the middle of the 19th century. "In 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, sponsored by Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, brought slavery to the forefront of national attention" (Leidner, Gordon, 2009). Some states like South Carolina tried to skirt the issue of slavery by seceding from the Union, thus creating a cascading effect on other states. By the time the Civil War began on 12 April, 1861, seven states had seceded from the Union. There was a great deal of emotion. The opposing sides had differences that could have been resolved without going to war. However, the United States was a new nation and also a very big nation. Differences of opinion on critical issues such as the presidency as well as slavery brutally tested each side. Also, there were powerful leaders on both sides whose aggressive positions kindled war rhetoric. Apart from emotions, there were also reasons of economy and propriety. The issues may also have been those of political expediency. "The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act sponsored by the Democrat Stephen A. Douglas brought slavery to the forefront of national attention" (Leidner, Gordon, 2009). Under this act, slavery could be introduced anywhere in the United States under popular will. The Kansas-Nebraska Act created a firestorm in the North where slavery was not approved. Abraham Lincoln opposed Stephen A. Douglas. One thing led to another. Verbal attacks and legislations led to release of pent-up frustrations and anger. A shot fired by South Carolina on Fort Sumter, a symbol of federal authority, started the Civil War (Abraham Lincoln). To what extent did Abraham Lincoln oppose slavery According to Abraham Lincoln, "slavery was the opposite of opportunity and mobility" (Abraham Lincoln). Lincoln voiced his opposition to slavery although he did not wish to abolish slavery by force in states where it existed. He was of the opinion that slavery will constitutionally exit wherever it existed in the United States through industrialization and the will of the people. He did not feel it necessary to go to war to abolish slavery. Nonetheless, the Kansas-Nebraska Act was a retrograde step in the wrong direction and Lincoln was alarmed. He was concerned it was only a matter of time for the Act to take effect and continue to bolster slavery rather than limit and ultimately eliminate it. Having become president, Lincoln initially tried to deal with the issue diplomatically and reconcile with the seven states that had seceded (Abraham Lincoln). He was not successful. There were hard feelings in the south. They were ready for war in support of slavery. In the circumstances, there was no alternative other than declaration of war. Could a compromise of some kind have prevented the war or was it inevitable There was no room for compromise. There was no way anybody could have compromised with the Kansas-Nebraska Act. The purpose of this Act was to extend slavery rather than limit and abolish it. It allowed racism to continue and grow.

Health Assessment Across The Lifespan Health And Social Care Essay

Health Assessment Across The Lifespan Health And Social Care Essay In nursing, there are techniques used to perform a physical examination of the various body systems of clients across the lifespan. The ultimate goal is to examine the social, cultural, political and economic factors which have effects on the assessment of health across the lifespan. Assessment is the systematic or the unsystematic gathering of relevant information, making analysis and judgment based on the available information (World Health Organization, 1999 p.90). For purposes of this project, three different clients will be chosen across the lifespan. Consequently an infant, a young adult, and an elderly client will be assessed. 2. Assessment Of An Infant An infant belongs to an age group in the population that has greater health care needs. However, does not imply that a community with a large population of infants will necessarily allocate resources to take care of this group (Wise, 2009, p. 127). The community may opt to invest the available resources to maintain the health of adults who have the ability to work and take care of the dependent group. The following are factors that have impacts on the assessment of the health of an infant. a) Social factors Social factors have an impact on the assessment of the health of an infant. Social factors include social networks. An infant is brought up in a family which is the basic unit of society. There are elements that can be considered when describing social cohesion which affects the way an infant develops in terms of health (Phelps, 2003, p. 234). The family has friendship networks that provide emotional support which is fundamental to the well being of the infant. The family and the community at large provide the right environment for an infant to grow in health (World Health Organization, 1999, p. 89). The provision of basic necessities is realized within the social setting. Love and care from the family enhances the well being of an infant. Social factors have positive and negative effects on the health of an infant. The provision of basic necessities such as food, shelter, clothing and access to medical services impacts positively on the health of an infant. An infant who grows up in a social environment where the family strives to give the infant basic needs ultimately has good health (Galabuzi, 2002, p. 68). However, where such social factors are absent, the infants health will be impacted negatively. In such a case, the infant may develop illnesses due to lack of parental care. Again the child may suffer neglect if the family does not care. There are many cases of infant neglect which results in poor health in an infants life (Mooney, 2000, p. 156). b) Cultural factors Cultural factors have an impact on the health assessment of an infant. Culture refers to the integrated patterns of behavior of human beings. Culture includes the language, customs, values, beliefs, thoughts, actions, communications and institutions of social, racial, ethnic and religious groups (Galabuzi, 2002, p. 73). In sum, health care becomes a cultural construct that arises from the communitys beliefs concerning the nature of the human body diseases (Gray, Clarke, Wolstenholme, Wordsworth, 2010, p 116). Cultural factors are central when it comes to the delivery of healthcare services in this case administering treatment and offering preventive interventions. Cultural beliefs influence how a family takes care of the health of an infant who is not aware of the culture. For example, breastfeeding beliefs by mothers significantly affect the health of an infant. Medically, an infant is supposed to be breastfed for the first six months of life. However, it is notable that due to som e cultural beliefs this may not be the case. Again, it is family especially the mother who determine whether an infant is ill and when to seek medical help (Phelps, 2003, p. 200). Cultural factors have positive and negative effects on the health of an infant. There is a need for the family to understand, value and incorporate cultural factors that will enhance the well being of an infant. In so doing, the infant will grow up with unimpeachable health. On the other hand, cultural factors can have negative effects on the health of an infant. There are cases where the family cultural orientation interferes with the health of an infant. For instance, cultural beliefs that discourage breastfeeding affect an infants immune system (Wise, 2009, p. 120). The infants immune system weakens and thereby the ability of the infant to fight diseases. It is vital to embrace cultural factors that respond appropriately the health of an infant. c) Political Factors The political environment in which an infant develops has effects on its health assessment. The political landscape determines how a family and society at large will look after an infant. The politics of the day affect the health policies put in place to ensure that an infant gets the right healthcare services to steer its development (Shaw, Darling, Gordon Smith, 1999, p.89). Also, factors such as political strife where there is war and leadership wrangles mean that there is no time to formulate laws and mechanisms that will benefit the health of the infant (Berk, 1993, P. 90). In addition, a political factor such as war disrupts the family unit where the infant may be separated from the family. In such a scenario, the infant will not get the necessary provision and health care needed for growth and development. On the positive side, when there are suitable political factors such as peace and instability, the family is able to nurture an infant and take care of the health developme nt. c) Economic Factors The well being of an infant is enhanced by economic factors. An infant is dependent on the family unit for provision (Wilkinson, Marmot, 1998, p.198). The provision comes from income that the parents get when they work. The levels of employment and unemployment are fundamental where the health of an infant is concerned. The level of income has a direct influence on the health of an infant. It affects the ability of the family in choosing a healthy lifestyle for the infant. In addition, it gives them the power to access healthcare services for the infant. The availability of resources in an economy to satisfy the needs of a family therefore is essential (World Health Organization, 1999, p.100). Disparities exist between infants whose parents are economically stable and those that are not. Where the family is poor, the infant cannot get adequate healthcare which results in the deterioration of the overall health. However, with adequate income, it is possible to access the best healthc are services for the infant. 3. Assessment Of A Young Adult A young adult refers to a person who is between the ages of twenty to forty years of age. In general, a young adult has good health. The physical performance and biological function have their peak at this particular age. Young adults are normally the dependants in society because the other lifespan depends on them. The following factors are assessed to have impacts of the health of young adults. a) Social Factors Young adults health is impacted by several social factors. A young adult who has strong family and community have better health than one who is isolated. Social cohesion is a factor that affects the health of a young adult (Galabuzi, 2002, p. 68). The fact that such an individual exists in a society means that they will connect with other people who ensure that they are well in terms of health. A family that cares will not hesitate to ensure that the young adult is in good health (Phelps, 2003, p. 215). Another social factor that impacts on the health of the young adult is education. Health education cannot be overemphasized in the life of a young adult. Being an active member of society with so much on their shoulders, there is a need to take care of their health. When a young adult is educated in healthcare matters, such an individual cannot neglect their health. Again, the young adult is a position to get the best health services (Mooney, 2000, p. 150). Other social factors that impact on the health of the young adult are behavioral. Social behaviors such as smoking and drinking of excess alcohol is rampant in this life span (Drummond, 2005, p 210). These habits have negative implications on the health of the young adult. These include the development of chronic diseases. b) Cultural Factors Culture as stated above is a description of the patterns of behaviors and beliefs of a people. A young adults culture impacts on how he or she will respond to any perceived disease symptoms and illnesses (Wilkinson, Marmot, 1998, p.200). Health practices in the life of a young adult have changed tremendously over the years. For example, different cultures have diverse eating habits. There are cultural beliefs that prohibit the eating of certain kinds of foods because they believe such food may affect their health. In some cultures the young adult is not supposed to eat certain animal foods because of the taboos that the society perceives to be right (Shaw, Darling, Gordon Smith, 1999, p.74). In the end, the young adult in this case ends up missing essential nutrients that are suitable for maintaining good health. Furthermore, there are certain cultures that do not believe in the modern ways of maintaining health. For example, a culture that does not believe in medication diminishes the chances of better health when diseases strike (Drummond, 2005, p 208). However, there are cultural belief systems that support the well being of its young adults and ensure that only the cultural constructs that influence the well being of the young adult are utilized (Gray, Clarke, Wolstenholme, Wordsworth, 2010, p 120). The culture of a society is an underestimated determinant of the young adults health and well-being. c) Political Factors The politics of the social environment impact on health. The political class normally has an agenda for the development of the population. In this regard, the government will enact laws and policies regarding the health care system (Phelps, 2003, p. 167). The healthcare system of a country determines the well being of the citizens in terms of health. Therefore, it is crucial that the necessary mechanisms are put in place to achieve this goal. A young adult in a political setting where there is an attempt to avail health services will attain better health standards. Peace and stability in the political system ensures the young adult can access health services at their convenience (Berkman Glass, 2000, p. 153). d) Economic Factors The attainment of healthcare by a young adult is dependent on economic factors. Economic factors range from employment to availability of resources. The level of income determines the quality of healthcare a young adult is bound to get in the health industry (Pattie, Gilleard, 1979, p 83). Where the young adult has a decent job, the job may come with a healthcare package that helps them whenever there health issues arise. The provision of health insurance by the employment company is thus paramount. Also, the accessibility of healthcare becomes easy with a stable economy (World Health Organization, 1999, p 78). Unemployment on the other hand leads to inaccessibility of health services because a young adult who is unemployed cannot afford them. Another economic factor that impacts on the young adults health is location. The economic status of a locality determines the kind health services that will be available (Drummond, 2005, p 205). For example, a young adult who lives in a locali ty where the economy is low is likely to get poor health services because such services are the only ones available. 4. Assessment Of The Elderly Client As the infant client discussed above, the elderly client has numerous health care needs. This client belongs to a group of people who are ageing. Therefore, a lot attention is paid to innovative means of helping the elderly client retain physical, mental abilities and independence. This in return maximizes the elderly clients contribution to the society and economy (Shaw, Darling, Gordon Smith, 1999, p.57). There is a need to understand the social, cultural, political and economic factors that impact on the health of an elderly client. a) Social Factors There are social factors that impact on the health of the elderly client. In fact, there exist demographic as well as social changes which impact on the health of the elderly client. One of the social factors is change in the family set up. An elderly person requires a strong social network (Wise, 2009, p. 121). This implies that the family unit should take care of the elderly by showing them affection and love. This may not be the case because other social factors come into play disrupting the social connectivity. For example, migration of family members is a social factor that impacts on the health of the elderly client. When children in a family grow up, they normally migrate and settle in other places (Wilkinson, Marmot, 1998, p.192). This leaves the elderly client with minimal social support which negatively impact on their health. Where the elderly client is economically unstable, he or she cannot provide the basics of life such as food. The absence of love and care for the elderly person leads to a compromise on his or her health. With the absence of social ties that provide basic needs to the elderly person the status of his health becomes poor. Social alienation or seclusion negatively affects the health of the elderly client (Phelps, 2003, p. 212). This normally happens where the social set up does not interact with the elderly client. This way, the elderly client feels withdrawn and can develop illnesses. b) Cultural Factors Cultural factors can impact on the assessment of the health of the elderly client. Culture as has been defined in the above discussion means the integration of patterns human being behavior. Incorporated in culture are customs, beliefs, values, language, thoughts, actions, and communications of various groups. In essence health care is constructed by the culture of a people (Shaw, Darling, Gordon Smith, 1999, p.62). Cultural factors influence the delivery of healthcare services. Cultural beliefs determine how the health of the elderly person is administered. In this paper, the elderly person is aware of the cultural orientation of the society concerning healthcare. Some of the cultural beliefs are good and in particular those that boost the health of the client such as eating certain kinds of medicinal traditional foods (Barer, Marmor 1994, p. 80). It is notable that the elderly client may have preconceived notions where healthcare is concerned. The elderly client has a belief in the traditional system of healing and is not ready to accept the western mode of treatment when he or she is not in good health. This greatly impacts on the health of the client especially where the traditional medicine fails (Mooney, 2000, p.105). There are other cultural factors such as taboos where there restrictions on the intake of certain types of foods. Some of the food types that are restricted are important in strengthening and maintaining the health of the elderly client. The quality of life of the elderly client has effects on the health status. The elderly client should live in good housing conditions with social amenities such as water and hospitals (Gray, Clarke, Wolstenholme, Wordsworth, 2010, p 116). c) Political Factors Every society cannot be devoid of politics. Political factors in a society have both positive and negative impact on the health of the elderly client. They enhance social stability whereby the family set up is secure and can take care of the client. This in turn facilitates the peaceful coexistence within a family and the subsequent care improves the health of the elderly (Pattie, Gilleard, 1979, p 45). Political stability ensures the setting up of health facilities as one of the policies implemented by the government (Shaw, Darling, Gordon Smith, 1999, p.59). In addition, there is enough time to deal with health matters unlike in times of political turmoil when the state concentrates more on peace building other than the health of the citizens. d) Economic Factors To assess the economic factors that impact on the health of the elderly client, is important to look at employment. The elderly client may be employed or unemployed. The age of the client affects their performance at work. Work on the other hand affects the health of the client. Economic factors may force the elderly client to be employed even when their age dictates otherwise (Wilkinson, Marmot, 1998, p.205). The nature of work given to the elderly person should be put into consideration. Too much work leads to a decline in health. There are age-related changes which impair performance and may in the long run harm the health of the client. Some of the changes that occur in the elderly client are a decline in cardiovascular, muscular and respiratory functions (Phelps, 2003, p. 198). Vision and hearing can also be impaired. Economic stability of the elderly client ensures that he or she is in a position to access the basic necessities of life. It also helps them to afford appropriate healthcare. 5. Summary In summary, the examination of the social, cultural, political and economic factors which have impacts on the assessment of health across the life span show important results. Across the lifespan, from infant, to the young adult and finally the elderly client the factors the impacts are evident. There are similarities as well as differences on how each of the factors impact on the three subjects of the lifespan. It is notable that some factors have direct impacts while others affect the subject differently. For instance, all the factors indirectly impact on the health of the infant. It is the family that takes care of the infant. The infants health therefore is dependent on the actions of the parents or the social setting. Therefore the social, cultural, political and economic factors that impact on the health of the infant in the assessment directly affect the family and the infant indirectly. The young adult has a greater responsibility in dealing with the impacts of the above factors. This is because the infant and the elderly client are dependent on the young adult. The young adult has the burden of taking care of their health as well as that of the infant and the elderly client against the negative effects of the factors discussed above.

A Biography of Nelson Mandela :: Nelson Mandela Biography

A Biography of Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela is judged to be one of the greatest political leaders of modern times. Among his many accomplishments are the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa and establishing democracy there and becoming the president of South Africa in 1994 following their first multiracial elections. Nelson was born as the foster son of a Thembu chief in Umtata (now the province of Eastern Cape) and raised in a traditional tribal culture within the grips of apartheid, a powerful system of black oppression that existed in South Africa. After years as a poor student and law clerk in Johannesburg, he assumed an important role in the African National Congress (ANC), a civil rights group. He also helped form the ANC Youth League in the 1950's. He was accused of treason in 1956 but was acquitted in 1961. From 1960-1962 Mandela led the NAC's para military wing known as Umkhonto we Sizwe which translate to "Spear of the Nation." He was arrested in August of 1962, sentenced to five years in prison and while incarcerated was again convicted of sabotage and treason and was sentenced to life imprisonment in june, 1964 at the famous Rivonia Trial. During his twenty-seven years in prison, Nelson Mandela became a symbol of resistance to the white-dominated country of South Africa throughout the world. After complex negotiation, Mandela was finally released from prison by President F.W. deKlerk in February, 1990, after lifting the long ban on the ANC. Mandela's release from prison marked the beginning of the end of apartheid in South Africa when he once again became the head of the ANC. He began the process to from a new constitution in South Africa which would allow political power to the black majority. Finally in 1991 the South African government repealed the laws that had upheld apartheid. In May, 1994 Nelson Mandela became South Africa's first black president after the country's first multiracial elections were held. His goal was to provide for economic and social growth for the black majority that had been oppressed for so long by the system of apartheid.

Development of Online Grading System Essay

Introduction The logistical problems associated with distributing, collecting, grading, and returning assignments and the difficulties in ensuring fairness and consistency in grading tend to increase non-linearly with the number of students enrolled in a class. This is especially true in project based design courses where evaluation is subjective, deliverables are team-based, and the philosophies and expectations of course faculty members may vary substantially. Online course management programs can be very helpful in the dissemination of information and the collection of grades in very large courses like those offered as part of the freshman core curriculum. However, the automated grading capabilities of these programs are generally limited to question banks with clearly defined right and wrong answers. More advanced computer-assisted grading systems have been developed for the assessment and grading of students. However, fully automated systems are still limited to applications with well-defined rules and objectives. Computer-assisted grading rubrics that guide the grading process and compile the final results are a more promising alternative. Our members report that using computer-assisted grading rubrics during essay grading reduced the grading time by half compared to traditional hand grading without a rubric and by two-thirds compared to hand grading with a rubric. In addition to the â€Å"reduced time in grading assignments,† and our other members notes that computer-assisted grading rubrics can lead to increased â€Å"validity and accuracy of grading – making grading more even handed,† increased feedback for students, and increased student satisfaction. Kurt and Gilbert also observed that the use of grading rubrics increased the consistency of grades across multiple graders, especially when teaching assistants were involved. The advantages of computer-assisted and web-based grading rubrics have led to the development of online tools for the assessment of student. However, these systems still do not fully address the problems of real and perceived teacher bias in grading, grade inflation, and professor pleasing. For example, 51% of respondents in a 20013 faculty survey on capstone design courses rated their perception of grading fairness as only â€Å"fair – I seldom hear complaints† and none rated their perception as a â€Å"all bias and distortion have been eliminated†. These types of concerns have led many students to prefer that design projects be evaluated by external jurors because they â€Å"want the jury process to be more objective and believe that the presence of external jurors will help achieve this†. This led San Sebastian to â€Å"to take professors out of the grading process† entirely and â€Å"replace them with professional evaluators who never meet the students,† who â€Å"don’t worry that students will punish harsh grades with poor reviews† and who have â€Å"no temptat ion to skew results in any way other than to judge the students’ work. This paper presents an online computer-assisted rubric-based grading website that was developed in conjunction with a distributed jury-based grading system to improve the fairness, consistency, and efficiency of grading in a large required first year project-based design course. This work provides a brief overview of the course, its deliverables, and the breakdown of the final grade. It discusses the design requirements, features, and implementation of the online grading system. Reactions from course faculty and staff members based on end-of-semester survey results are presented. Finally, the current limitations and future development directions of the online grading system are discussed. CHAPTER 1 Introduction Leader : Marchjohn Glorioso Members : Kurt Mallari Gilbert Cruz View as multi-pages

Is a Frustrating Mess essays

Is a Frustrating Mess essays The severe mood fluctuations of bipolar or manic-depressive disorders have been around since the 16-century and affect little more than 2% of the population in both sexes, all races, and all parts of the world (Lee, Down is Not Out 9). Researchers think that the cause is genetic, but it is still unknown. The one fact of which we are painfully aware of is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success (10) Because the symptoms of bipolar disorder are so debilitation, it is crucial that we search for possible treatments and cure (12). The characteristics of bipolar disorder are significant shifts in mood that go from Manic episodes to deep depressive episodes in an up and down trip that seemingly never ends (Greer, Depression Source Book 139). There are actually three types of bipolar disorder (5). In bipolar III disorder there is a family history of mania or hypomania in addition to the client experiencing depressive episodes (13) this category is not highly used but is worth noting. Bipolar II disorder is marked by hypomanic episodes that have not required hospitalization (29). Bipolar I disorder is the full-blown illness and is defined by the presence of manic episodes which require treatment, and usually Bipolar disorder can strike at any age but most commonly strikes at age 18 in bipolar I; for bipolar II disorder, the age is 22 it has also been found that children can be seen with bipolar disorder early on (Lee 48) this is not very prevalent, and is only one in every 200 cases (Greer 93) This is thought to occur because many children with manic depression might have been misdiagnosed or just thought of as hyperactive and disruptive (Lee 81) The early symptoms of childhood bipolar disorder, distractibility, irritability, and hyperactivity are also the signs of attention deficit hyperactivity di...

Principles of Safeguarding and Protection in Health and Social Care Essay Essays

Principles of Safeguarding and Protection in Health and Social Care Essay Essays Principles of Safeguarding and Protection in Health and Social Care Essay Essay Principles of Safeguarding and Protection in Health and Social Care Essay Essay Principles of safeguarding and protection in wellness and societal. Ai ;Physical Abuse is when person causes feelings of physical hurting. hurt other agony or bodily injury. such as hitting. kicking. rubing. squeezing. agitating. Sexual Abuse is where you are forced to make. state and watch sexual things. Eg ; being undressed or holding sexual contact when you do non desire to or even touching another individual. being made to state sexual things and being made to watch erotica is besides sexual maltreatment. Emotional Abuse is a signifier of power that person has over you to do depression. anxiousness. emphasis. It is strong-arming person by naming them names that hurts their feeling or to frighten them and even endanger them. Fiscal Abuse is when another individual bargains or takes something that belongs to you. Eg ; stealing your money. doing you buy things you are non willing to. declining to let persons to pull off their fundss and flim-flaming persons to manus over their belongings. Institutional Abuse is non merely confined to big scale physi cal or sexual maltreatment. persons can besides be abused in many other ways in settngs where they could exoect to be cared for and protected. Eg ; Individuals non given pick over determinations ( repasts. excursions. clothing. ) Mistreated to their medicine. Privacy and self-respect besides non respected. Self-neglect is when an single disregards to go to to their basic demands. Eg ; personal hygiene. visual aspect. feeding non trouble oneselfing to obtain medical aid or an unwillingness to see people or travel out. Disregard by others is when the victim is being looked after by person else but fails to supply equal attention. For illustration failure to supply sufficient supervising. nutrient or medical attention. or the failure to carry through other demands that the victim is unable to supply for herself or himself. Signs and symptoms of maltreatment.Physical maltreatmentAii ;BruisingFracturesNathan birnbaumsFearDepressionWeight lossAssaultHuddlingFlinchingWelch MarkssMalnutritionUntreated medical jobsBed soresConfusionOver sedationEmotional maltreatment: .FearDepressionConfusionLoss of slumberChange in behaviorOnset of phobic disorderNo communicatingSexual Maltreatment:Loss of slumberDiseasesRepeated urinary infectionsBruisingTenderness around the genitaliasTorn. stained bloody underwear or bed sheetsPreoccupation with anything sexualExcessive lavationReluctance to be entirely with an unknown personFiscal Maltreatment:Unexplained loss of fundsor withdrawels from bank histories Inability to pay measuresChange in lifestyle/standard of lifeBasic needs non being metLoss of belongingsUnnecessary edifice work or fixs to belongingsNot swearing anyone around themSelf-neglect:Poor hygiene ( odor of urine fecal matters )DehydrationWeight lossAbnormal organic structure tempInappropriate vestureNot taking medicineInfectionsIllnesssInstitutional maltreatment:No flexibleness at bed clipWaking up to a modus operandiDirty beds and vestureMissing vesture. ownerships. paperss and lettersExcessive or deficiency of medicineLack of consideration of dietetic requirement’sAiii ;If you was to surmise an person was being abused you should describe your concerns to the director. Besides ask to compose a private history for your records. doing certain it doesn’t travel in the attention program in instance the maltreater comes across it. Aiv ;If a client was to state you they are being abused. you should halt what you’re making and listen carefully to them. All conversations should be treated with assurance and information merely passed on to those who need to cognize. Even if the individual speaks in the strictest of assurance. line directors must still be informed and the treatment must be written down. Never agree with the client that you wont state anyone else. Say that you’ll merely state person who can make something about it. Av ; Make a written record of messages ( e. g reply phones ) to guarantee they are non lost. Include the day of the month and clip and subscribe them. Ensure written records ( notes. letters. bank statements. medicine records etc ) are kept in a safe topographic point. Make non clean up up. wash apparels. bedding or any other points. Do non seek to unclutter or clean up things up Try non to touch anything un ; ess you have to for the immediate well-being of the victim- if you have to seek do a record of what you have done. If any sexual offense is suspected attempt to deter the vicim from rinsing. imbibing. cleaning their dentitions or traveling to the toulet until the constabularies are present. Continue anything used to warm or soothe the victim ( E. g: a cover ) . If you can seek to guarantee that the alleged culprit does non hold any contact with the victim. Record any physical marks or hurts utilizing a organic structure A ; map or manus pulling write a description of any physical marks or hurts including size. determine color etc. Always retrieve to subscribe and day of the month your notes and any other records you have made. Avi. Avii: No secrets- set out a codification of pattern of how commissioners and suppliers of attention services should protect vulnerable grownups. Condemnable records bureau- DBS will filtrate certain old and minor cautiousnesss and strong beliefs. rebukes and warnings from condemnable records certifications. DBS- Disclosure and blackball service. In safe custodies ( wales merely ) sets out functions and duties of CCIW in relation to other statutory organic structures including local governments who have the lead function in organizing the development of local policies and processs in grownup protection. Office of the public guardian -agency with duties so extend across England and Waless. If supports the public quardian in the enrollment of digesting powers of lawyer and permanent powers of lawyer and the supervising of debuties appointed by the tribunal of protection. The codification of practice- sets out the standards against which a registered suppliers conformity with the demands asso ciating to cleanliness and infection control will be assessed by the attention quality committee. It besides provides counsel on how the supplier can construe and run into the enrollment demand and comply with the jurisprudence. Local Partnership boards- committed to forestalling the maltreatment of grownups and reacting quickly when maltreatment is suspected. Safeguarding grownups means that local governments. constabulary and NHS bureaus involved with grownups who might be at hazard of maltreatment have a responsibility of attention to guarantee that processs are in topographic point. that encourage coverage of suspected maltreatment. and take action to halt the maltreatment. Care Quality Organisations ( CQC ) registered over 18. 000 attention places and print all review studies. which cheque on the indispensable criterions of quality and safety. Aviii: Social worker- Protect and support vulnerable people. and put them in a safe environment off from hazard of danger. A hazard appraisal is used to make up ones mind what aid is needed and the right actions to take. They besides investigate any studies. Police- Protect the community. investigate allegations of maltreatment. fix tribunal instances and do instance studies. Informal bureaus or 3rd sector agencies- Research and raise consciousness. campains. charities. Offer support ( reding services ) Health attention practitioners- Perform scrutinies and study happening relevant governments. Serious instance reappraisal chair person- Review serious probes and/or failures that have antecedently been investigated and look at what changed demand to be made. Aix: Many local Governments run free. multi-agency. safeguarding classs for anyone who works with vulnerable kids and grownups. and so should any nice employer in this field. Ask your workplace preparation section about this. You can besides happen more information through their local safeguarding squad in the Social Services Department or the Independent Safeguarding Authority. Direct. gov Cqc. org. United KingdomLancashire county council.

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 4

Project Management - Essay Example Fourth is the evaluation phase. The initiation phase entails definition of the scope, objectives, purpose, deliverables, resources, the structure of the project and the timescales while in the planning phase, there is the creation of a comprehensive project plan. This project plan is essential to the project since it acts as the reference for the project manager throughout the project for the control and monitoring cost, time and quality. In the project execution phase, the project manager controls and monitors the project delivery while the project team produces the deliverables. Once the consumer accepts the deliverables, the phase review is carried out to ensure that the project objectives have been achieved. The project is therefore ready for closure. After its closure, an evaluation should be carried out to determine the overall success of the project and find out whether the stated benefits in the original business case have been realized. The management should finally document any lessons learned for future projects (Griffin, 2010). Project management is an important activity among the overall business operations. In many organizations, team work has been a common aspect due to the great need for methods that would diagnose and solve problems that arise within the organization. Forecasting has also been applied in an attempt to take care of the arising problems in an organization before they have truly developed. On the other side, the project management has got many benefits to an organization. First, it provides and ability for the utilization of the forecasting methods in an organization. The organization therefore obtains an ability to look at situations by using various driven computer applications. Project management enables better teamwork. In any organization, teamwork is an important part of the entire aspect of its success. The more employees work

The Russo-Japanese War. Japans Coming of Age Essay

The Russo-Japanese War. Japans Coming of Age - Essay Example attle hours before the formal declaration of war was delivered; Japan developed a tactic that was to become her hall mark years later (the "sneak attack.")4 Technically not a violation, because of the ultimatum, Japan mastered this diplomatic concealment tactic along with the same concealment tactic on the battlefield. The Battle of Mukden, in Manchuria saw the first uses of suppressive fire to help a "pincer" flanking movement encircle an enemy. A highly successful military tactic that has been widely used in numerous battles from WWII, to Generals Gaip's surrounding of the French at Dien Binh Phu, Vietnam. Even modern day generals, like American General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, used this tactic in Desert Storm I - "Hail Mary."5 The significance of these tactics are important only became they directly influenced the eventual outcome of the war. Of course the butchery associated with the battles and the willingness of the Japanese soldier to sacrifice his life in battle, has also led to scars on the Japanese people that will long stand in the minds of historians. The actual outcome of the war was not as significant as the perception the world had on that outcome. The statistics (Imperial Russia, Strength 500,000, Casualties 25,331 Killed 146,032 Wounded; Empire of Japan, Strength 400,000, Casualties 47,387 Killed 173,425 Wounded6) are skewed by the summary affects the perception had on Russia and Japan. From a statistical point, all must conclude that Japan lost and Russia won this war. Japan had 87% more fatalities than Russia and 29% more total casualties. From a body count Japan should surely have been considered the looser; however, that count alone does not signify the outcome. Most major battles were won by the Japanese (even though they may have had... Both powers, Russia and Japan, desired to increase their â€Å"sphere of influence† within the Asian continent, mainly at the expense of China. Japan had been forced to open its doors to Western influence by America in 1854 and the 250-year rule of the Shoguns was brought to a close by Emperor Mutsuhito (Meiji - enlightened rule - 1868-1912.) Feudal systems were abolished and western attitudes on trade were introduced and embraced. Japan desired to become a global leader like the European nations of that time. Russia, on the other hand, believed they had the strongest military in the world. It was recognized by other European nations that Russia was an established world power, with all the rights and privileges that afforded. Appearing as a world power, Russia had internal turmoil that was secretly plotting the loss to Japan in Asia that was to follow. The loss of the Russian Fleet and territories was not received well in Russia. With the loss of Russian prestige in the war th e esteem of the monarchy was also lost. The country’s coffers were drained by the cost of the expensive Trans Siberian Railroad project ending with this costly war. Japan on the other hand was seen as a victor. The nation was upset with many of the terms of the Treaty of Portsmouth but the world saw the Japanese as a growing power. More importantly the Asian countries noticed that another Asian country could defeat a large European nation. For Japan the territorial land grab was just starting. Each of Japan’s subsequent action fortified her belief in Japanese superiority and Asian Influence Rights led by Japan. This belief would culminate with the creation of the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere and ultimately be challenged 36 years later.

Welcome Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Welcome Letter - Essay Example The most interesting part is the business proposal; you will ultimately have 3 topics to choose. My advice would be to pick the one you are interested in the most and work hard towards a finished product. Trust me, you will learn a lot in the business report. After spring break, our class started to work on the proposal. Accordingly, each week we were assigned to write a part of the report. Don’t be upset if you have a bad grade after professor graded your first submission. You have a chance here to revise and the professor will leave useful feedback in I learned. Please follow the comments to redo your work and you could drastically improve your grade. For example, I did very poorly in my first submission, so I rewrote my approach following the feedback I had received; as such, the revision was much better than the first one and it gave me great encouragement. Also, checking your grammar and proofreading your work will make a huge difference. When working on your own proposal you should first carefully read the prompts and make sure you understand the instructions before starting to write. Second, always ask yourself if the sources you are using are the right ones and whether or not there is any alternative way to view the issues at hand. Lastly, check the grammar and proofread your work carefully. Although some of my work got a high grade, I often time needed to improve my grammar and proofreading; so there was still a lot of work. From the writing portion of this course, I think I have learned a lot.

Racism against black people Essay Example for Free

Racism against black people Essay Slavery in the United States began after English colonists first settled Virginia and lasted until the Thirteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution in 1865. The American colonies were established with the idea of freedom and liberty to all but has change into racism. Now, racism against African Americans in America has been a huge problem in the south. Slavery in the United States began soon after English colonists first settled Virginia and lasted until the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1865. The 19th century saw a hardening of institutionalized racism and legal discrimination against citizens of African descent in the United States. Although technically able to vote, poll taxes, acts of terror (often perpetuated by groups like the KKK) and discriminatory laws kept African Americans disenfranchised, particularly in the South. During this time, segregation, racial discrimination and expressions of white supremacy all increased, as did anti-black violence such as lynching and race riots. Racism, which had been viewed primarily as a problem in the Southern states, burst onto the national consciousness following the Great Migration, the relocation of millions of African Americans from their roots in the Southern states to the industrial centers of the North after World War I. This took place particularly in cities such as Boston, Chicago and New York (Harlem). In northern cities, racial tensions exploded most violently in Chicago. The 1950s and 1960s saw the peaking of the American Civil Rights Movement with the desegregation of schools in 1954 and the organizing of widespread protests across the nation under a younger generation of leaders. Martin Luther King was a catalyst for many nonviolent protests in the 1960s, which led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The act prohibited discrimination in public facilities, in government and in employment and invalidating the Jim Crow laws (which mandated segregation in all public facilities, with a separate but equal status for black Americans and other non-white racial groups) in the southern United States. It became illegal to force segregation of the races in schools, housing or  hiring. This signified a change in the social acceptance of racism that had been written into American law and an increase in the number of opportunities available for people of color in the United States. However, African American poverty and education inequalities continue and have deepened in the post-industrial era.

Everyone Has a Dream :: miscellaneous

Most people have some kind of hopes or dreams. Hopes are â€Å"desires accompanied by expectations of fulfillment, they are one that give promises to the future.† ( The Merriam Webster Dictionary, page 367). Dreams are â€Å"notable for their beauty, excellence, and/or enjoyable quality.† ( The Merriam Webster Dictionary, pages 234-235). However, these dreams are many times thwarted by many obstacles along the way, as happens to George and Lennie’s in John Steinback’s novel, Of Mice and Men. George promises Lennie’s aunt Clara, right before she dies, that he will take care of Lennie, and that they will always be together. During the 1930’s, people like Lennie, who has a mental handicap, and black’s, such as Crooks, the stable man, are discriminated. During this time, also known as the Great Depression, barn workers like George and Lennie would go around looking for work at a ranch. Very few Americans owned land, and only rarely did they have any freedom. George and Lennie want to buy a piece of land. To George this symbolizes his freedom, he will then be able to control his destiny, yet to Lennie, it means he will be able to tend the rabbits, and therefor pet them as much as he likes. Steinback expresses some of man’s hopes and dreams through the main characters actions. George and Lennie live in hope that their own, very particular dream, will one day come true. They hope they will work enough to earn the sufficient amount of money needed for their piece of land. The land is important to them because it symbolizes their liberty, their independence. From the moment they buy the land and on, they become independent human beings. They stop depending on whether they have a job, on whether they have enough food amongst other things. They dream of building a small house on this land, and on having a small farm with chickens and rabbits and cows. Lennie’s greatest dream is being able to tend the rabbits. Whenever Lennie does anything wrong, instead of thinking of the consequences that may follow, he only thinks of not being able to tend the rabbits when they acquire their new home. Lennie tries not upset George, because when he does, George threatens not to let him tend the rabbits. George, on the other hand, dreams on living a self sufficient life off the money and food they can make off the land and the animals.